/* Rich niche research articles — explicit CSS (no Tailwind purge gaps) */

.ciq-research-breadcrumb {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: #64748b;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.ciq-research-breadcrumb a {
  color: #475569;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.ciq-research-breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: #1e293b;
}

.ciq-research-breadcrumb-sep {
  color: #94a3b8;
  user-select: none;
  padding: 0 0.15rem;
}

.ciq-research-hero {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e1b4b 42%, #312e81 100%);
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 4rem 1rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .ciq-research-hero {
    padding: 5rem 1rem;
  }
}

.ciq-research-hero h1 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(1.875rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.ciq-research-hero-kicker {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  background: rgba(67, 56, 202, 0.45);
  border: 1px solid rgba(129, 140, 248, 0.35);
  color: #e0e7ff;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ciq-research-hero-lead {
  color: #e0e7ff;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.2vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.65;
  max-width: 48rem;
  margin: 0 auto 2rem;
}

.ciq-research-cta,
.ciq-research-cta:visited {
  display: inline-block;
  background: #4338ca;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 20px -8px rgba(49, 46, 129, 0.55);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  transition: background 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.ciq-research-cta:hover,
.ciq-research-cta:focus-visible {
  background: #3730a3;
  color: #ffffff !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.ciq-research-cta--brand,
.ciq-research-cta--brand:visited {
  background: var(--ciq-research-cta-bg, var(--primary, #1e3a8a));
}

.ciq-research-cta--brand:hover,
.ciq-research-cta--brand:focus-visible {
  filter: brightness(0.92);
  color: #ffffff !important;
}

.ciq-research-section-nav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  padding: 0 0.25rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .ciq-research-section-nav {
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

.ciq-research-section-nav a {
  color: #475569;
  font-size: 0.8125rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding: 0.25rem 0;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .ciq-research-section-nav a {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
  }
}

.ciq-research-section-nav a:hover {
  color: #4338ca;
}

.ciq-research-section-nav-bar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 40;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.ciq-research-section-nav-inner {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1rem;
  min-height: 3.5rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.ciq-research-rich-footer-cta {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  background: #ffffff;
}

/* Prose article layout — explicit CSS (no Tailwind dependency) */
.ciq-research-article {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 56rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem 1rem 3rem;
  color: #1e293b;
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .ciq-research-article {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem 3.5rem;
  }
}

.ciq-research-article__header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__kicker {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #2563eb;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.ciq-research-article h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #0f172a;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #64748b;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.ciq-research-article__meta li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__meta svg {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ciq-research-article__badge {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 9999px;
  background: #ecfdf5;
  color: #047857;
  border: 1px solid #a7f3d0;
}

.ciq-research-article__abstract {
  background: #f8fafc;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__abstract p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: #475569;
}

.ciq-research-article section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.ciq-research-article h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: #0f172a;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}

.ciq-research-article p {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  color: #334155;
}

.ciq-research-article p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ciq-research-article em {
  font-style: italic;
}

.ciq-research-article strong {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #0f172a;
}

.ciq-research-article__formula {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  background: #0f172a;
  color: #f1f5f9;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  font-family: ui-monospace, 'Cascadia Code', 'Segoe UI Mono', monospace;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  text-align: center;
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.ciq-research-article__formula-note {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.ciq-research-article__table-wrap {
  overflow-x: auto;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.ciq-research-article table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  background: #fff;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  text-align: left;
}

.ciq-research-article th {
  padding: 1rem;
  background: #f8fafc;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  color: #334155;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.ciq-research-article td {
  padding: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
  color: #475569;
  vertical-align: top;
}

.ciq-research-article tr:last-child td {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.ciq-research-article tbody tr:hover {
  background: #f8fafc;
}

.ciq-research-article td.ciq-research-article__td-strong {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #0f172a;
}

.ciq-research-article th.ciq-research-article__th-center,
.ciq-research-article td.ciq-research-article__td-center {
  text-align: center;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: #0f172a;
  color: #f1f5f9;
  border: 1px solid #1e293b;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.4);
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-glow {
  position: absolute;
  right: -4rem;
  bottom: -4rem;
  width: 12rem;
  height: 12rem;
  background: #2563eb;
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: 0.1;
  filter: blur(24px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background: #3b82f6;
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout p {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-footer {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-top: 0.75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #1e293b;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .ciq-research-article__callout-footer {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
  }
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-label {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  margin: 0;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout-value {
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  margin: 0;
}

.ciq-research-article__callout .ciq-research-cta {
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35);
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .ciq-research-article__callout .ciq-research-cta {
    width: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
}

.ciq-research-article__references {
  margin-top: 3rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #64748b;
}

.ciq-research-article__references h4 {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  color: #334155;
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__references ol {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

.ciq-research-article__references li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.ciq-research-rich {
  background: #f8fafc;
  color: #1e293b;
  font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

.ciq-research-rich .scroll-smooth {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Layout fallbacks when SPA bundle utilities are unavailable */
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-3xl { max-width: 48rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-5xl { max-width: 64rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-6xl { max-width: 72rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-2xl { max-width: 42rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-4xl { max-width: 56rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .max-w-md { max-width: 28rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mx-auto { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.ciq-research-rich .w-full { width: 100%; }
.ciq-research-rich .scroll-mt-24 { scroll-margin-top: 6rem; }

.ciq-research-rich .px-4 { padding-left: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .py-12 { padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 3rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .p-6 { padding: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .p-8 { padding: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .p-5 { padding: 1.25rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mb-4 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mb-6 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mb-8 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mb-10 { margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mt-2 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mt-4 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mt-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .mt-8 { margin-top: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .my-6 { margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .my-8 { margin-top: 2rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }

.ciq-research-rich .space-y-24 > * + * { margin-top: 6rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .space-y-8 > * + * { margin-top: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .space-y-6 > * + * { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .space-y-4 > * + * { margin-top: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .space-y-3 > * + * { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .space-y-2 > * + * { margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .gap-8 { gap: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .gap-6 { gap: 1.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .gap-4 { gap: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .gap-3 { gap: 0.75rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .gap-2 { gap: 0.5rem; }

.ciq-research-rich .grid { display: grid; }
.ciq-research-rich .flex { display: flex; }
.ciq-research-rich .flex-col { flex-direction: column; }
.ciq-research-rich .flex-grow { flex-grow: 1; }
.ciq-research-rich .flex-shrink-0 { flex-shrink: 0; }
.ciq-research-rich .items-center { align-items: center; }
.ciq-research-rich .items-start { align-items: flex-start; }
.ciq-research-rich .items-stretch { align-items: stretch; }
.ciq-research-rich .justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.ciq-research-rich .justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-center { text-align: center; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-left { text-align: left; }
.ciq-research-rich .block { display: block; }
.ciq-research-rich .inline-block { display: inline-block; }
.ciq-research-rich .inline-flex { display: inline-flex; }
.ciq-research-rich .overflow-hidden { overflow: hidden; }
.ciq-research-rich .overflow-x-auto { overflow-x: auto; }
.ciq-research-rich .relative { position: relative; }
.ciq-research-rich .whitespace-nowrap { white-space: nowrap; }

.ciq-research-rich .rounded-xl { border-radius: 0.75rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .rounded-2xl { border-radius: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .rounded-lg { border-radius: 0.5rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .rounded-full { border-radius: 9999px; }
.ciq-research-rich .border { border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-2 { border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-b { border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-t { border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-y { border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-l-4 { border-left-width: 4px; border-left-style: solid; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-slate-200 { border-color: #e2e8f0; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-indigo-500 { border-color: #6366f1; }
.ciq-research-rich .border-indigo-600 { border-color: #4f46e5; }
.ciq-research-rich .shadow-sm { box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06); }
.ciq-research-rich .shadow-lg { box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1); }

.ciq-research-rich .bg-white { background-color: #fff; }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-slate-50 { background-color: #f8fafc; }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-slate-100 { background-color: #f1f5f9; }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-indigo-50 { background-color: #eef2ff; }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-indigo-100 { background-color: #e0e7ff; }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-slate-50\/50 { background-color: rgba(248, 250, 252, 0.5); }
.ciq-research-rich .bg-indigo-50\/30 { background-color: rgba(238, 242, 255, 0.3); }

.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-900 { color: #0f172a; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-800 { color: #1e293b; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-700 { color: #334155; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-600 { color: #475569; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-500 { color: #64748b; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-400 { color: #94a3b8; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-slate-300 { color: #cbd5e1; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-indigo-900 { color: #312e81; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-indigo-800 { color: #3730a3; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-indigo-700 { color: #4338ca; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-indigo-600 { color: #4f46e5; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-indigo-500 { color: #6366f1; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-emerald-600 { color: #059669; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-rose-600 { color: #e11d48; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-green-500 { color: #22c55e; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-green-600 { color: #16a34a; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-red-400 { color: #f87171; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-amber-800 { color: #92400e; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-amber-700 { color: #b45309; }

.ciq-research-rich .text-xs { font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-sm { font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-lg { font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-xl { font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.75rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-2xl { font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 2rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-3xl { font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-5xl { font-size: 3rem; line-height: 1; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-\[10px\] { font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.2; }
.ciq-research-rich .text-\[11px\] { font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.3; }

.ciq-research-rich .font-medium { font-weight: 500; }
.ciq-research-rich .font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }
.ciq-research-rich .font-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.ciq-research-rich .font-black { font-weight: 900; }
.ciq-research-rich .font-extrabold { font-weight: 800; }
.ciq-research-rich .uppercase { text-transform: uppercase; }
.ciq-research-rich .italic { font-style: italic; }
.ciq-research-rich .leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.625; }
.ciq-research-rich .leading-tight { line-height: 1.25; }
.ciq-research-rich .tracking-tight { letter-spacing: -0.025em; }
.ciq-research-rich .tracking-wider { letter-spacing: 0.05em; }
.ciq-research-rich .tracking-widest { letter-spacing: 0.1em; }

.ciq-research-rich table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }
.ciq-research-rich .divide-y > * + * { border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9; }
.ciq-research-rich .divide-y.divide-slate-100 > * + * { border-top-color: #f1f5f9; }

.ciq-research-rich .math-formula,
.ciq-research-rich .math-block {
  font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
  font-style: italic;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .ciq-research-rich .sm\:px-6 { padding-left: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; }
  .ciq-research-rich .sm\:p-8 { padding: 2rem; }
  .ciq-research-rich .sm\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .ciq-research-rich .sm\:items-center { align-items: center; }
  .ciq-research-rich .sm\:w-auto { width: auto; }
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:flex-row { flex-direction: row; }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:w-2\/3 { width: 66.666667%; }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:w-1\/3 { width: 33.333333%; }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:col-span-4 { grid-column: span 4 / span 4; }
  .ciq-research-rich .md\:col-span-8 { grid-column: span 8 / span 8; }
}

@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:px-8 { padding-left: 2rem; padding-right: 2rem; }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:grid-cols-2 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:grid-cols-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:grid-cols-12 { grid-template-columns: repeat(12, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:col-span-1 { grid-column: span 1 / span 1; }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:col-span-2 { grid-column: span 2 / span 2; }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:col-span-5 { grid-column: span 5 / span 5; }
  .ciq-research-rich .lg\:col-span-7 { grid-column: span 7 / span 7; }
}

.ciq-research-article .math-term {
  font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
  font-style: italic;
}